Approximately 150 million individuals worldwide have chronic hepatitis C infection, and nearly 700,000 of them die each year from the liver disease. Of these cases, more than 680,000 individuals die every year due to complications of hepatitis B, including cirrhosis and liver cancer. It is estimated that 240 million individuals are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus. West Nile virus infection (WNVI) is a vector-borne disease caused by West Nile virus (WNV), an enveloped ssRNA virus within the family Flaviviridae that impose a threat to many transfusion services worldwide. Trypanosoma is a genus of kinetoplastids and belongs to a group of unicellular parasitic flagellate protozoa. Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas disease and is endemic in Latin America where it is primarily a problem in the context of blood transfusion transmission. Erythrocyte concentrate, along with fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate and platelet concentrate are involved in the genesis of transfusion-transmitted malaria. It may transmit by blood transfusion collected from asymptomatic or parasitic donors with low parasite densities. It is primarily transmitted by bites of female mosquitoes of Anopheles species. Malaria is an infectious illness caused by parasites of the Plasmodium genus. Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) is a human retrovirus well-known to cause adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). HIV-2 that primarily affects West Africa. HIV is a retrovirus that comprises two subtypes: HIV-1 that is the most prevalent worldwide and most common etiological agent of AIDS. HCV is a member of the Flaviviridae family and is a 60-nm spherical particle, enveloped, and contains a single-stranded RNA genome with a size of 9.4 kb. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes hepatitis C. HBV is a hepadnavirus and has a double-stranded DNA genome with a size of 3.2 kb. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes the hepatitis B. HAV is a 27- to 32-nm spherical particle with cubic symmetry, contains a linear ssRNA genome that has a size of 7.5 kb. Hepatitis A is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV), which is a distinct member of the picornavirus family. A list of TTD includes infections caused by human T-lymphotropic virus 1, cytomegalovirus and West Nile virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), malaria, Chagas disease, babesiosis, leishmaniasis, variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Zika, Dengue, Chikungunya, and anaplasmosis. For example, microorganisms such as hepatitis B virus and HIV-1 can be transmitted by a contaminated blood transfusion from an infected individual to a recipient and cause disease that can lead to chronic hepatitis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome respectively. The various biological agents involved are mainly viruses and parasites. Transfusion transmitted-diseases (TTD) comprise several pathologies that are transmitted by blood transfusions. Outline the importance of enhancing care coordination among the interprofessional team to ensure proper evaluation and management of transfusion transmitted diseases.Ībout 5 million Americans require a blood transfusion each year, needed for acute blood loss, surgery, hemophilia or cancer.Summarize the treatment options for transfusion transmitted diseases.Recall the types of infections that can be acquired during transfusions.Describe the epidemiology of transfusion transmitted diseases.This activity will highlight the role of the interprofessional team in recognizing and treating patients with transfusion transmitted diseases. This activity will review the most common causes of transfusion-transmitted disease and outline the treatment approach according to current evidence. For example, hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) can be transmitted via blood taken from an infected individual and transfused into a recipient, causing the recipient to develop chronic hepatitis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, respectively. The various etiologic agents are mainly viruses and parasites. Transfusion transmitted diseases (TTD) comprise several pathologies that are transmitted by blood transfusions.
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